If I'm understanding right, it sounds like you made odd contact with his knee with the arch of your foot. If that's the case, it's possible you broke the arch. It's a very strong structure when dealing with pressure from below, fairly strong with pressure from above, but not strong at all when hit at an angle.
Try pressing on the arch of your foot. If that significantly increases the knife-like pain, you may have broken it. Also, compare foot size, or ask someone else to if you're bad at such comparisons (like myself

) If your injured foot is swollen, that's another possibility of a break.
Or, you may have damaged a tendon. This may be as minor as some inflammation, or as bad as a partial tear.
Honestly, with the pain you described, I'd be heading to a doctor sooner rather than later. The foot is such a fragile thing that an injury left alone too long could cause serious long term damage.